home | 6th-15th centuries | 16-17th centuries | 1901 to World War II | 1945 to 21st century
Sweden, Russia and the Great Northern War, to 1740 – failure and a new age of liberty in Sweden
War in 18th Century Europe to 1763 – conflict over what monarch rules where
Frederick, Maria and Catherine – three monarchs in the Age of Enlightenment
Britain in the mid-1700s – progress in education, commerce and law
The American Revolution – 1707 to 1791, from social change to ratification of the Constitution
First Barbary War – U.S. policies from 1770s to 1805, and Marines to the shores of Tripoli
The French in the mid-1700s – monarchy, church, class, economy
The French Revolution – to 1797, defeat for the Parisian "mob," and Napoleon as First Council.
Britain, Ireland, the U.S. and the War of 1812 – England, its Irish colony and war with France and the U.S.
Haiti, 1789 to 1806 – Independence from French rule, freedom from slavery and continuing violence.
Napoleon's Wars, Mistakes and Fall – Napoleon recklessly drives France to defeat.
Conservative Order and Counter-Enlightenment – victors in Europe oppose revolution
Rebellion in Greece, Spain and Latin America – defying the conservative order
Latin America after Independence – disappointments in South America and Mexico
Britain and the Industrial Revolution, to 1830 – new wealth, poverty and unrest
Reform and Revolution in Europe to 1850 – uprisings across Europe, and reforms
Muslims in the Middle East, 1700 to 1837 – Iran and the Ottoman Empire.
Africa, Empires and Slavery, 1801-60 – guns, war, Arabs, Ottomans, British, Boers and French
Canada and the United States, 1814 to 1846 – migrations, economic developments and slavery
Mexico, the United States and War – Texas and the Alamo, Mexico to 1855, the US and its war with Mexico
The British in Asia – China, India, Ceylon, Burma, Afghanistan, Opium wars and the Sepoy Mutiny
Europeans into Oceania – The British and French in Tahiti, Australia, New Zealand, the Maori
The Crimean War, 1853 to 1856 – the British, French and Turks against Holy Russia
Civil War in the United States – different societies, panic in the South and the war from 1861 to 1865
Reconstruction and Western Expansion – the US South to 1877. Penetrating Indian territories.
The "wild" West and Billy the Kid – New Mexico, politics, law and disorder
The United States, 1871 to 1900 – new fences for agriculture in the West, big industry, reforms, labor unrest
The US Overseas – Cuba, Hawaii and the Philippines
Canada, 1850 to 1900 – Dominion status, economy, westward expansion, rebellion
Russia, 1856 to 1900 – reform, industrialization, student revolutionaries and retrogression
Nationalism and Empire in Europe – unifications, alliances and path to the Great War
The Balkans and Path to the Great War – rebellion against Turkish rule, a conference and German alliances.
Class and Politics in Germany – economic growth, social change, power, wages and the prospect for revolution
More Imperialism – Jamaica, Egypt, Afghanistan, sub-Sahara and Oceania
China's Empire – a multi-ethnic state, including Manchuria and Mongolia, and tributary relations with other states
Japan from Tokugawa to Meiji – restoration of the emperor, economic progress and Japanese imperialism
Korea, to 1900 – indigenous inspiration helps Christianity's success. The French, Chinese, Japanese and Russians
The Enlightenment – contributions from Britain, France and Germany
Optimism, Adam Smith, Liberals and Utopians – 1750 to 1883, economics and social theory
Health, Geology, Biology and Sociology – science, more secularism, Darwin and atheism
Philosophers and Historians – Hegel; Kierkegaard; Schopenhauer; Nietzsche; Treitschke, Gobineau
Karl Marx and Europe – Marx from liberal to communist, and his legacy
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